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University  of  California. 


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Comparative  Statistical  Tables 


AND 


CHARTS 


OF  THE 


GoiDiijeice  ol  (lie  Woi 


COMPILED  BY 

WILLIAM  HARPER 

Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Information 

Pliiladelphia  Commercial  Museum 


PHlLAbcLFHlA  { 

COMMERCIAL    MUSEUM  ! 

I 
1 S./;  , 


COPYRIQHTED  1899 

WILLIAM   HARPER 

Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Information 
philadelphia  commercial  museum 


Comparative  Statistical  Tables 


AND 


CHARTS 


OF    THE 


Commerce  of  the  World 


COMPILED    BY 

WILLIAM  HARPER 

Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Information 

Philadelphia  Commercial  Museum 


PHILADELPHIA 

COMMERCIAL    MUSEUM 

1899 


r-,^44 


J^- 


THE  SHARE  OF  THE  VARIOUS  NATIONS  IN  THE 
WORLD'S  COMMERCE. 


1S30. 

United  Kingdom 21.5 

France lo.o 

Germany 11.2 

Russia   6.8 

Austria S-6 

Italy  4.9 

Spain  and  Portugal 3,2 

Belgium 3.5 

Holland 3.8 

Scandinavia   2.0 

Other  European  Countries.  3.5 

Europe 74.0 

United  States 5.4 

South  America 8.6 

British    Colonies 4.6 

China,   etc.,   etc 7.4 


Per   Cent. 

1850. 

1870. 

1881-86. 

1889. 

20.4 

25.0 

20.8 

22.0 

II-3 

10.4 

10. 1 

9.2 

8.4 

9-7 

9.8 

10.9 

4.9 

4.8 

3-4 

3-5 

3-4 

3-7 

3-5 

2.7 

4.6 

30 

31 

2.7 

1.9 

2-3 

2.3 

2.3 

2.5 

2.8 

3-6 

3-3 

4.9 

3-2 

4.8 

5-9 

2.1 

2.2 

2.1 

2.1 

50 

4-7 

3-5 

4.0 

69.4 

71.8 

67.0 

68.6 

7-5 

7-5 

9-3 

9-5 

H-3 

5-5 

3-5 

3-4 

8.9 

9-5 

10.7 

9.0 

5-9 

5-7 

9-5 

95 

1 00.0 


95535 


COMMERCE  OF  THE  WORLD  SINCE  1830 


AGGREGATE  OF   IMPORTS  AND   EXPORTS.   IN   MILLIONS  OF   DOLLARS 


.960 


2,750 


3.800 


7200 


10.500 


W,500 


16.800 


18.500 


1897 


THE  ACTUAL  TRADE  OF  THE  WORLD  IN  1896  COMPARED 

WITH    JURASCHECK'S    TABLE    OF  AVERAGES    FOR 

FIVE  YEARS,  ENDING  1890,  IN  MILLIONS  DOLLARS. 

Imports.  Exports.  Total. 

1S86-9O.  1896.  1886-90.  1896.  1886-90.        1896. 

United   Kingdom.  ...  1,910  2,122  i,i57  1,152  3,067  3,274 

France    S21  729  667  653  1,488  1,382 

Germany    835  1,094  758  902  1,594  i>997 

Russia 192  283  298  331  490  614 

Austria  230  283  298  312  528  595 

Italy  274  226  187  202  461  427 

Spain 158  173  149  197  307  370 

Portugal 43  43  24  29  67  72 

Scandinavia 206  259  149  206  355  1,465 

Holland   485  653  422  538  907  1,190 

Belgium  293  341  254  283  547  624 

Switzerland 165  202  134  144  298  346 

Danubian  States 86  86  72  91  158  178 

Greece    24  24  19  14  43  38 

Turkey  86  -^2  58  82  144  154 

Europe  5,808  6,590  4,646  5,136  10,454  11,726 

United  States 744  TJ-j  753  S64  1,498  1,642 

Canada  120  106  96  120  216  226 

Mexico 34  38  38  53  72.  91 

Central  America 14  14  24  24  38  38 

V/est  Indies 96  96  144  134  240  230 

South  America 278  312  274  355  552  667 

America  1,286  1,343  1,329  1,55°  2,616  2,894 

India  250  230  336  312  586  542 

Singapore    91  135  77  120  168  254 

Ceylon    19  29  14  29  34  57 

Tonquin 14  14  14  14  29  29 

Siam    10  10  14  14  24  24 

Java 53  (d2  77  91  130  iS4 

Japan 43  91  48  63  91  154 

China 134  163  106  106  240  269 

Siberia    19  29  24  43  43  72 

Philippines    19  10  24  19  43  29 

Persia  10  14  10  14  19  29 

Other  States 48  48  38  39  86  86 

Asia   710  835  782  864  1,493  1,699 

Egypt  38  48  58  (>2  96  1 10 

Algeria  and  Tunis. .  .      53  62  48  53  loi  116 

Cape   Colony 34  82  38  82  72  163 

Transvaal 24  67  10  43  Zi  no 

Other  States 62  62  43  48  106  no 

Africa   211  321  197  288  408  609 

Australia    302  302  240  317  542  619 

Hawaii    5  5  10  14  14  19 

Oceanica    307  307  250  331  556  638 

The  World 8,323  9,398  7,205  8,169  15.528  17,568 


> 


COMMERCE  OF  THE  WORLD  IN    1850 


% 


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AMERICA 


GERMANY 


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COMMERCE  OF  THE  WORLD  SINCE  1830. 

Aggregate  of  Imports  and  Exports.     In  Millions  of  Dollars. 

1830  1840  1850  1S60  1870  18S0  1890  1897 

United  Kingdom 422     547    8ll  1800  2625  3350  3552  3389 

France    197    317    456  801  10S9  1627  1493  1450 

Germany   220     249     336  624  1017  1411  1761  199G 

Russia 134     158     192  230  494  629  566  618 

Austria  Hungary 72     105     139  225  398  513  441  609 

Italy   96     144     182  249  317  437  451  438 

Spam 33      48      53  120  197  240  283  361 

Portugal 14       19      24  38  48  67  86  73 

Holland  and  Belgium..  144    216    293  413  653  1137  1488  1915 

United   States 105     197    297  653  792  1478  1536  1815 

Spanish  America 168    230    336  451  648  768  797  826 

British  Colonies 43     loi     211  494  614  974  1430  1550 

India 48      96     144  249  408  518  629  440 

Other  Countries 264    323     326  853  1200  1351  2287  3020 

The  World 196027503800  7200  10500  14500  16800  1S500 


COMMERCE  OF  THE  WORLD  IN  1850. 

Great  Britain $811,200,000 

France  458,000,000 

Germany 336,000,000 

Spanish  America 336,000,000 

United  States 297,000,000 

British  Colonies 211,000,000 

Holland 192,000,000 

Russia 192,000,000 

Italy   183,400,000 

Belgium 176,600,000 

Austria 136,200,000 

Spain 52,800,000 

Other  Countries 417,800,000 

Total $3,800,000,000 


COMMERCE  OF  THE  V\'ORLD  IN  1897. 

Great  Britain $3,389,000,000 

*British  Colonies 1,990,000,000 

Germany  i  ,996,000,000 

United   States 1,815,000,000 

Holland 1,263,000,000 

France i  ,450,000,000 

Russia    618,000,000 

South  America 674.000,000 

Belgium    652,000,000 

Austria 609,000,000 

Italy   438,000,000 

Spain 361,000,000 

*  Includes  India. 


COMMERCE  OF  THE  WORLD  IN  1897 


^Ou 


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^%. 


RUSSIA 


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GERMANY 


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COMMERCE  OF  AMERICA  IN  1897. 

United  States $1,815,000,000 

Canada  244,000,000 

Brazil 235,000,000 

West  Indies 300,000,000 

Argentina  193,000,000 

Chile 1 17,000,000 

Mexico 97,500,000 


COMMERCE  OF  EUROPE  IN  1897. 

Great  Britain $3,389,000,000 

Germany  1,996,000,000 

France  1,450,000,000 

Holland 1,263,000,000 

Belgium 652,000,000 

Austria 609,000,000 

Russia 618,000,000 

Scandinavia 465,000,000 

Italy 438,000,000 

Spain 361,000,000 


COMMERCE  OF  ASIA  IN  1897. 

India   $439,000,000 

China 286,500,000 

Japan 206,500,000 

Singapore 201,000,000 

Java  (1896) 160,000,000 

Siberia  (1896) 75,000,000 

Ceylon    55,000,000 


COMMERCE  OF  AMERICA  IN  1897 


COMMERCE  OF  EUROPE  IN  1897 


FRANCE 


% 


&r 


\ 


-% 


% 


COMMERCE  OF  ASIA  IN  1897 


COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Aggregate   Imports  and   Exports. 

Countr'es.                                               1S47.  1877.  1887. 

Great  Britain $170,933,468  $459,695,313  $531,378,122 

France    44,919,524  92,696,210  125,365,294 

Germany   90,616,798  139,218,832 

Canada 63,651,558  74,177,931 

Cuba  79.199.973  60,061,84s 

Brazil   10,039,938  51,079,854  61,081,059 

Other  Countries 53.273,017  216,858,640  417,219,896 

Total $279,165,947  $1,053,798,346  $1,408,502,979 


UNITED  STATES  EXPORTS  AND  IMPORTS  IN  1897. 

Exports  Imports  Tot.il. 

Great  Britain $483,270,398  $167,947,820  $651,218,218 

France    57,594.541  67,530,231  125,124,772 

Germany    125,246,088  111,210,614  236,456,702 

Canada 66,028,725  40,722,792  106,751.517 

Cuba  8,259,776  18,406,815  26,666,591 

Brazil   12,441,065  79,039,389  91.480,454 

Other  Countries 298,152,963  279,872,751  578,025,714 

Total $1,050,993,556  $764,730,412  $1,815,723,968 


COMMERCE  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN  SINCE  1830. 

Aggregate  of  Imports  and  Exports  in  Millions  of  Dollars. 

1830 428  1870 2662 

1840 554  1880 3396 

1850 822  1898 37t8 

i860 1824 

COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Aggregate  of  Imports  and  Exports  in  Millions  of  Dollars. 

1830 136  1870 829 

1840 222  1880 1504 

1850 318  1890 1647 

i860 687  1899 1901 


COMMERCE  OF  UNITED  STATES  IN  1847-1877-1897/ 


VALUE 
MILLIONS 

640 


AGGREGATE  TRADE  WITH  COUNTRIES,  IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS 


560 


4-80 


400 


320 


240 


160 


80 


IN  1847 
IN  1877 
IN  1897 


n 


d 


VALUE 
MILLIONS 

640 


560 


3 


480 


400 


320 


240 


160 


80 


6r.  Br.  Prance  Kermany  Kauada  Kuba  Brazil       Other  Kountrles 


COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1897 


IMPORTS  FROM  C 
EXPORTS  TO    C 


VALUE 

MILLIONS 

DOLLARS 


VALUE 

MILLIONS 

DOLLARS. 


4-ao 


420 


36  O 


300 


2.A-0 


ISO 


20 


SO 


\h 


4-ao 


4£0 


3eo 


300 


E4-0 


ISO 


2.0 


SO 


Sr.  Br.       France     Bernjany     ganada       guba        Brazil  Other  eouutries 


^V   OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY 


COMMERCE  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN  SINCE  1830 

AGGREGATE  OF  IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS    IN    MILLIONS  OF   DOLLARS 


YEAR 

1830 


420 


YEAR 


1830 


1840 


550 


1840 


1850 


810 


1850 


1860 


1.820 


I860 


1870 


2.630 


1870 


1880 


a350 


1880 


1898 


3.670 


1898 


COMMERCE  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

AGGREGATE  OF  IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  IN  MILLIONS  OF   DOLLARS 


136 


222 


318 


687 


829 


1.504 


1.647 


1.905 


COMMERCE  OF  THE  WORLD. 

Seaborne  Merchandise. 
1840. 

Tons. 

Grain 1,900,000 

Coal  1,400,000 

Timber   4,100,000 

Metals  1,100,000 

Sundries  9,800,000 

SHIPPING  OF  THE  WORLD  SINCE  1800. 
Tonnage  Register  and  Carrying  Power  Under  Different  Flags. 

1800  1820. 

Tonnage.  Carrying  Power.  Tonnage.  Carrying  Power. 

British,  inc.   Colonies.  ..  1,856,000  1,856,000  2,654,000       2,850,000 

French   250,000  250,000  350,000          450,000 

German    150,000  150,000  250,000          300,000 

American  970,000  970,000  1,280,000       1,340,000 

Various    800,000  800,000  1,300,000         954,000 

The   World 4,026,000      4,026,000  5,834,000      5,894,000 


1840 

Tonnnge.  Carrying  Power 

British,  inc.   Colonies..   3,311,000  3,596,000 

French   634,000  664,000 

German    550,000  580,000 

American 2,180,000  2,780,000 

Various    2,705,000  3,322,000 

The  World 9,380,000 


i860. 

Tonnage.  Carrying  Po«er. 

5,713,000  7,219,000 
930,000  1,265,000 
700,000     850,000 

5,350,000    7,960,000 

3,907,000    4,436,000 


10,482,000  16,600,000      21,730,000 


1880 
Tonnage.     Carrying  Power. 

British,  inc.   Colonies..   6,903,000  16,810,000 

French   1,022,000  1,753,000 

German    890,000  1,830,000 

American  5,470,000  7,700,000 

Various    5,604,000  9,807,000 

The  World 19,889,000 


1896. 

Tonnage.    Carrying  Power. 


10,400,000 

890,000 

1,500,000 

4.770,000 

6,530,000 


30,600,000 

2,390,000 

4,140,000 

11,850,000 

14,220,000 


37,900,000  24,090,000      63,200,000 


SHIPPING  OF  THE  WORLD. 

Tonnage.  Carrying  Power. 

i860.                       1896.  i860.  1896. 

British    4,660,000        9,020,000  6,030,000  27,860,000 

British   Colonial 1,050,000         1,380,000  1,190,000  2,740,000 

United  States 5,350,000        4,770,000  7,960,000  11.850,000 

Scandinavia 970,000        2,420,000  1.050,000  4,370,000 

German    700,000         1,500,000  850,000  4,140,000 

French   1,010,000           890,000  1,270,000  2,390,000 

Spanish 470,000            720,000  510,000  2,310,000 

Russian    400,000            790,000  520,000  1,480,000 

Italian     550,000            780,000  610,000  1,440,000 

Dutch  300,000            290,000  400,000  860,000 

Austrian 250,000            270,000  340,000  720,000 

Greek   200,000            320,000  220,000  590,000 

Turkish    180,000            190,000  200,000  310,000 

Various    510,000            750,000  580,000  2,140,000 

The  World 16,600,000      24,090,000  21,730,000  63,200,000 

33 


COMMERCE  OF  THE  WORLD 

SEABORNE  MERCHANDISE  IN   ALIQUOT   PARTS,  AS  TO  WEIGHT 


1896 


^<y%^^^ 


AR  y 


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SHIPPING  OF  THE  WORLD  SINCE  1800 


TONS 
65.00/0. 000 

60.000.000 
55.000.000 


TONNAGE  REGISTER 
CARRYING  POWER 


TONS. 
65.000.000 

60.000. OOu 
55.000.000 


50.000.000 


50.000.000 


45.000.000 


45.000.000 


40.000.000 


40.000  000 


35.000.000 

30.000.000 

25.000.000 

20.000.000 

15.000.000 

10.000.000 

5.000.000 
2. 500. 000 


35.000.000 


30.000.000 


25.000.000 


20.000.000 


15.000.000 


10.000.000 


5.000.000 
2,500.000 


1800  1820  (840         i860  1880  1896 


PROPORTIONS  OF  THE  TONAGE  AND  CARRYING  POWER 
OF  VARIOUS  FLAGS. 

Flag.  Tonn.T 

i860. 

United    Kingdom 28.0 

Colonial   6.t; 

Total  British ;i4.^ 

United  States 32.2 

Scandinavian 5.8 

German  4.2 

French    6.1 

Spanish   2.8 

Russian 2.4 

Italian 3.3 

Dutch   1.8 

Various 7.1 

loo.o 


C^arrying 

I'owev. 

1896. 

i860. 

1896. 

37-5 

27.7 

44.1 

5-7 

5-5 

4-4 

43-2 

33-2 

48.5 

19.8 

36.5 

18.7 

10. 1 

4.8 

6.9 

6.3 

3-9 

6.6 

37 

5.8 

3.8 

30 

2.3 

3-7 

3-3 

2.4 

2.3 

3-3 

2.8 

2.3 

1.2 

1.8 

1-4 

6.1 

6.5 

5.8 

SHIPPING  OF  PRINCIPAL  FLAGS 


TONS. 
9.000.000 

8.500  000 
8.000.000 
7.500.000 
7.000.000 
6.500  000 
6.000.000 
5.500.000 
5.000.000 
4-.500.000 
4.000.000 
3.500.000 
•3.000.000 
2.500.000 
2.000  000 
1.500.000 
1.000.000 
500.000 


REGISTERED  TONNAGE  IN   i860  AND  1896 


IN  i860 
IN  1896 


TONS 
9.000.000 

8.500  000 
8.000,000 
7.500.000 
7.000.000 
6.500  000 
6.000.000 
5.500.000 
5.000.000 
4-.500.000 
4.000.000 
3500.000 
3.000.000 
2.500.000 
2.000  000 
1,500.000 
1.000,000 
500.000 


Brltisi}         U.  i.        XoaudiD.      Frenoli       Kwdjm       ftalian       SpMis])       yarious 


WEALTH  OF  ALL  NATIONS  IN  1896. 

Millions  of  Dollars. 

Germany  $38,650 

France  46,512 

Great  Britain 56,669 

United   States 78,480 

Russia 30,840 

Austria   21,658 

Italy   15,168 

Spain  1 1,424 

Other  Countries 38,476 

337,877 


WEALTH  IN  DOLLARS  PER  INHABITANT. 

Spain   $648 

Holland  878 

United  States 1,123 

Australia  1,229 

Great  Britain i,450 

France  1,210 

Denmark   1,104 

Germany  749 

Italy   485 


COMPARISON  BETWEEN  WEALTH  AND  DEBT  OF 
NATIONS  IN  1898. 

1896.  1898. 

Wealth.  Debt. 

Millions  of  Dollars. 

United   Slates $81,750  $1,890 

Great  Britain 59,030  3- 190 

France  48,450  6,070 

Germany 40,260  575 

Russia 32,125  1,630 

Austria  22,560  i  ,620 

Italy   15,800  1,930 

Spain 1 1,900  1,415 

Canada  5. 015  285 

Australia  5,380  480 

Argentina   3,080  440 


Debt 

Per 

Per  Centage 

Capita  Debt 

of  Wealth. 

of  Wealth. 

)                2 

$26.5 

>            5 

80 

)          12 

157-5 

;           I 

II 

>            5 

15 

>            7 

.37-5 

1          12 

61 

i           II 

80.5 

1             5 

57-5 

.            8 

1150 

»           14 

IIO.O 

MONEY  OF  ALL  NATIONS. 
(Soutli  American  Paper  Not  Included.) 


CioKl. 

Silver, 

Paper. 

Tolal. 

1800.'. 

$630,000,000 

$1,800,000,000 

$410,000,000 

$2,840,000,000 

1848.". 

785,000,000 

1,940,000,000 

1,300,000,000 

4,025,000,000 

i860. . 

1.700,000,000 

2.400,000,000 

1,800,000,000 

5,900,000,000 

1890.. 

4.150,000,000 

4,005,000,000 

3,850,000,000 

12,005,000,000 

1896. . 

4,143,000,000 

4,236,000,000 

1897.. 

4,619,000,000 

3,977,000,000 

THE  WORLD'S  STOCK  OF  PRECIOUS  METALS. 
Coined  and  Uncoined. 

As  Regards  Value. 
As  Regards  Weight.  Millions  of  Dollars. 

1848  Tons. 

Gold 3,575  2,417 

Silver 1 13,000  4,685 

1898  Tons. 

Gold 9,5 1 1  6,420 

Silver  199,090  8,461 


GOLD  MONEY  OF  THE  WORLD. 

1897.  1898. 

United  States $696,300,000  $925,100,000 

France 772,000,000  810,600,000 

Germany   654,000,000  668,500,000 

United  Kingdom 584,000,000  438,000,000 

Russia  586,900,000  756,600,000 

Austria  178,500,000  227,700,000 

The  East 229,400,000  129,900,000 

Other  Countries 658,500,000  638,500,000 

$4,359,600,000  $4,594,900,000 


SILVER  MONEY  OF  THE  WORLD. 

1897.  1898. 

United  States $634,500,000  $638,200,000 

United  Kingdom 121,700,000  121,700,000 

France    443,900,000  419,800,000 

Germany    212,800,000  212,800,000 

The  East 2,135,400,000  1,777,500,000 

Other  Countries 720,000,000  807,500,000 

Total  $4,268,300,000  $3,977,500,000 


WEALTH  OF  NATIONS,  1896 


PER  HEAD 
$1,600 

$1,400 

$1,200 

$1,000 

$800 


$600 


$400 


$200 


WEALTH  PER  INHABITANT 


PER  HEAD 
$1,600 

$1,400 

$1,200 

$1,000 

$800 

$600 

$400 

$200 


gpaiD      fiollaD«i       U.  2.     Australia    6.  Brit     Fracoa    Decnjark   gernjanj     Italy 


COMPARISON  BETWEEN  WEALTH  AND  DEBT  OF  NATIONS,  1898 


WEALTH 


debt!  I 


UNITED  STATES 


GREAT  BRITAIN 


FRANCE 


GERMANY 


RUSSIA 


ITALY 


CANADA 


AUSTRALIA 


GOLD 


YEAR 


1800 


1848 


I860 


MONEY  OF  ALL  NATIONS 

SOUTH  AMERICAN   PAPER  MONEY  NOT  INCLUDED 
SILVER     I  I 


1897 


PAPER   I 

YEAR 
1800 


1848 


I860 


1897 


THE  WORLD'S  STOCK  OF  PRECIOUS  METALS.  COINED  AND  UNCOINED 


AS  REGARDS  WEIGHT 


GOLD         I 


AS   REGARDS  VALUE 


1898 


GOLD  MONEY  OF  THE  WORLD  IN  1897 


SILVER  MONEY  OF  THE  WORLD  IN  1897 


RAILWAY  COST  OF  THE  WORLD,  1897. 

United  States $11,775,000,000 

Great  Britain 5,150,000,000 

France  3,305,000,000 

Germany  2,870,000,000 

Russia 2,015,000,000 

Austria 1,835,000,000 

South  America 1,300,000,000 

India 1,115,000,000 

Italy   1,005,000,000 

Canada   930,000,000 

Australia  725,000,000 

Spain 610,000,000 

Other  Countries 2,885,000,000 


Total  $35,520,000,000 

RAILWAYS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

Passenger  Traffic  in   1870  and  in  1897. 

1870.  1897. 

United  States no  504 

Great  Britain 363  1030 

Germany 136  646 

France 103  375 

Austria 21  109 

India   —  151 

Other  Countries 167 

Total 900 

RAILWAYS  OF  THE  WORLD  GOODS  TRAFFIC,  1870  and  1897. 

In  Million  Tons. 

1870.  1897. 

United  Kingdom 170  374 

United  States 150  742 

Germany  98  221 

France 52  108 

Austria 25  104 

Russia  —  17 

Other   Countries 67  — 

Total  for  World 562  — 


RAILWAY  RATES  FOR  GOODS  TRAFFIC,  1897. 

Cents  Per  Ton  for  100  Miles. 

Cents. 

Great  Britain 34^ 

France I44 

Germany 128 

Switzerland    280 

United  States 82 

Holland 160 

Belgium    136 

Italy 320 

Austria    200 

57 


RAILWAY  CAPITAL  OF  THE  WORLD  (PAID  UP)  IN  1897 


vVth£ 


RAILWAYS  OF  THE  WORLD 

PASSENGER  TRAFFIC.  IN    1870   AND   IN    1897 


1870 


1870 


1897 


<s» 


GERMANY 


1897 


^^.c 


\ 


187° 


RAILWAYS  OF  THE  WORLD 

GOODS  TRAFFIC  IN   1870  AND  IN    1897 


1870 


1897 


RAILWAY  RATES   FOR  GOODS  TRAFFIC,  1897 

CENTS  PER  TON   FOR  lOo  MILES 


CENTS. 
240 

220 

200 

180 

160 

140 

120 


100 


80 


60 


40 


20 


Sr.  Br.     France     SermaDy  igwitzerland   U,  i.      Hollaod     Belgian]     Italy      Austria 


URBAN  AND  RURAL  POPULATION,  1891. 

Urban.  Per  Cent.  Rural. 

United  States 18,235,000  29.  i  44,385,000 

Great  Britain 20,600,000  54.  17,200,000 

France   9,200,000  24.  29,200,000 

Germany  15,060,000  30.  36,600,000 

Russia    10,900,000  TO.  94,900,000 

Austria  5,600,000  13.  35,800,000 

Italy   5,300,000  17.  25,400,000 

Spain   2,900,000  17.  14,700,000 

Holland  1,800,000  38.  2,900,000 

Belgium 1,700,000  27.  4,600,000 

Canada 1,390,910  28.77  3,442,329 

Australia  1,578,818  41.4  2,231,077 


GRAIN  PRODUCTION  IN  THE  WORLD. 

1897. 

Tons. 

Wheat  56,400,000 

Maize  52,500,000 

Oats 56,900,000 

Barley  19,500,000 

Rye    32,900,000 


GRAIN  PRODUCTION  IN  1897. 

Millions  of  Bushels. 

Austria 780 

Germany  680 

France  7^5 

Russia 2,210 

United  States 3>05o 

Great  Britain 245 


67 


URBAN  AND  RURAL  POPULATION,   1891 


URBAN 


UNITED  STATES  GREAT  BRITAIN 


FRANCE 


GERMANY 


RUSSIA 


AUSTRIA 


ITALY 


SPAIN 


HOLLAND 


BELGIUM 


CANADA 


AUSTRALIA 


GRAIN   PRODUCTION  IN  THE  WORLD 


1897 


GRAIN  PRODUCTION  IN  1897 


MEAT  SUPPLY  OF  THE  WORLD,  1896. 

Tons. 

Beef 8,420,000 

Pork 3,970,000 

Mutton   2,810,000 

Total   15,200,000 

Tons. 

United  States 4,500,000 

Russia 2,290,000 

Germany 1,520,000 

Austria   1,210,000 

France  1,200,000 

Great  Britain 76o,0(1b 

Australia 600,000 

Spain  430,000 

Argentina 420,000 

Other   Countries 327,000 

Total    15,200,000 


PRODUCTION  OF  COFFEE  SINCE  1832. 
In  Tons. 

Brazil.  Other  Countries.  Total. 

1832 95,000 

1844 255,000 

1855 163,000  158,000  321,000 

1865  200,000  222,000  422,000 

1875 255,000  233,000  488,000 

1885  389,000  329,000  718,000 

1892 440,000  260,000  700,000 

1897 590,000  250,000  840,000 

1898 680,000  260,000  940,000 


MEAT  SUPPLY  OF  THE  WORLD,   i8q6 


MEAT  PRODUCERS  IN   1896 


PRODUCTION  OF  COFFEE  SINCE  1832 


TONS. 


TONS. 


900.000 


800.000 


700  000 


600.000 


500.000 


400.000 


3  00  000 


200  000 


100.000 


BRAZIL 
OTHER  COUNTRIES 


goo.ooo 


800.000 


700.000 


eoo.ooo 


600.000 


400.000 


3  00  000 


200  000 


1 00.000 


1832      1844      1855      1865      1875      1885     1892      1897 


OF  THE 

UW'VERSJTY 


THE  WORLD'S  STEAM-POWER  SINCE  1840. 

Horse- Power. 

1840    1,650,000 

1850    3,990,000 

i860    9,380,000 

1870    18,460,000 

1880    34,150,000 

1890    50.150,000 

1S96    66,100,000 


THE  WORLD'S  COAL  PRODUCTION. 

Tons. 

1820  17,200,000 

1840  44,800,000 

1850  81,400,000 

i860  142,300,000 

1870  213,400,000 

1880  340,000,000 

1890  520,000,000 

1897  610,000,000 


THE  WORLD'S  PRODUCTIONS  OF  IRON. 

Tons. 
1820    1,010,000 

1830  1,585,000 

1840  2,680,000 

1850  4,422,000 

i860  7, 180,000 

1870  1 1,910,000 

1880  18,140,000 

1890  27,157,000 

1898  36.570,000 

1898,   By  Countries. 

Tons. 

United  States  11, 962,000 

United  Kingdom 8,769,000 

Germany 7,402,000 

France 2,534,000 

Russia  2,229,000 

Austria    1,250,000 

Belgium   982,000 

Sweden  510,000 

Spain  261,000 

Canada   42,000 

Italy 13,000 

All  Others S45,ooo 


THE  WORLD'S  STEAM  POWER  SINCE  1840 


YEAR 
1840 


1850 


1850 


I860 


1870 


1880 


1890 


1896 


PRODUCTION  OF  STEEL. 

Tons. 

1850  7I,0C0 

1870  540,000 

1880  4,255,000 

1885  6,150,000 

1897  20,979,000 

1898  24,060,000 

1898.  By  Countries.  1897. 

Tons.  Tons. 

9,075,000 United  States 7,289,000 

4,630,000 United  Kingdom 4,560,000 

5,734,000 Germany 5,091,000 

1,442,000 France 1,282,000 

3,170,000 All  Others 2,757,000 


HARDWARE  MANUFACTURES,  VALUE,  1896. 

United   States $1,145,000,000 

United  Kingdom 710,000,000 

Germany 525,000,000 

France  235,000,000 

Other  Countries 405,000,000 


Total $3,020,000,000 


8i 


THE  WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  COAL.  IN  MILLIONS  OF  TONS 

YEAR  YEAR 

1820  17 


1840 


45 


I860 


81 


I860 


142 


1870 


213 


1870 


1880 


340 


1880 


520 


1890 


1897 


610 


1897 


THE  WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  IRON 


YEAR 
1820 
1840 

1850 
I860 


1870 


1880 


1890 


1898 


YEAR 
1820 
1840 

1850 
1860 


1870 


1880 


1890 


1898 


PRODUCTION  OF  STEEL 


YEAR 
1850 
1870 

1880 


1885 


1897 


YEAR 
1850 
1870 

1880 


1885 


1897 


PRODUCTION  IN  1897 


HARDWARE    MANUFACTURES,  VALUE  (1896) 


PRODUCTION  OF  WOOL,  ANNUAL  AVERAGE, 
UNWASHED;    TONS. 

Aiistralasi.i.     River  Platte.  United  States.     (Jihei- Coiiiiliics.           'I'otal. 

1821-30  2,000     6,000  10,000     250,000     268,000 

1831-40  6,000    10,000  15,000     276,000     307,000 

1841-50  12,000      12,000  30,000      326,000      380,000 

1851-60  25,000    19,000  32,000     369,500     445,500 

1861-70  61,000    51,000  52,000     414,000     578,000 

1871-80  133,000   102,000  88,000     466,500     789,500 

1881-90  193,000     138,000  120,000      450,000      901,000 

Totals.                                   Tons.  Totals.                                    Tons. 

189I 1,097,000  1896 1,153,000 

1894 1,202,000  1898 1,200,000 


PRODUCTION  OF  COTTON. 
In  Million  Pounds. 

United  States.  Total. 

1820  180  630 

1840  878  1,310 

i860  1,880  2,551 

1870  1,540  2,775 

1880  2,593  3>6oi 

1890  4,310  5,600 

1897  4,400  5,900 

CONSUMPTION  OF  FIBRE,  1897. 

Cotton.                     Wool.             Fla.x,  Jute,  etc.  Total. 

United  States 600,000            270,000            340,000  1,210,000 

Great  Britain 710,000            230,000            420,000  1,360,000 

France  180,000            210,000            190,000  580,000 

Germany 280,000            200,000            110,000  590,000 

Russia   190,000            110,000            440,000  740,000 

India 220.000               10,000            260,000  490,000 

Austria 120,000              60,000            180,000  360,000 


THE  WORLD'S  CONSUMPTION  OF  FIBRE  IN  1840  AND  1897. 

Tons. 

1840.  1897. 

Cotton   540,000  2,700,000 

Wool 310,000  1,200,000 

Flax,  etc 596,000  2,200,000 

TEXTILE  MANUFACTURES,  VALUE,  1896. 

United  States $940,000,000 

United  Kingdom 955,000,000 

France  575,000,000 

Germany 540,000,000 

Russia 405,000,000 

Austria 280,000,000 

Other  Countries 580,000,000 

Total $4,275,000,000 


93 


PRODUCTION  OF  WOOL 


TONS 


I.OOOOOO 


900000 


800.000 


70C.0  0  0 


600  OOO 


500.00  0 


400  OOO 


300000 


ZOO.  OOO 


lOO.OOO 


ANNUAL  AVERAGE,   UNWASHED 

AUSTRALIA         | I  UNITED  STATES 

RIVER    PLATTE      | I      OTHER  COUNTRIES 


u 


u 


TONS 


lOOOOOO 


9  0  0.000 


aoo.ooo 


700.000 


600000 


500.00  0 


400  00  0 


300000 


zoo.  OOO 


oo.ooo 


1821-30  1841-50  1861-70  1881-90 

1831-40  1851-60  1871-80  1891-97 


PRODUCTION  OF  COTTON  SINCE  1820 


MILLIONS 
.ofP0UN(>3. 

6.000 


5500 


5000 


4.50  0 


4.000 


3.500 


3000 


2.500 


2.000 


I.500 


1.000 


UNITED  STATES 


OTHER  COUNTRIES 


50  O 


MILLIONS 
')F  POUNDS. 

6.000 


S500 


5.000 


4.500 


4.000 


3.500 


3.000 


2.50C 


2.000 


I.50  0 


1.000 


50  O 


1820        1840        i860        1870        1880        1890       1897 


CONSUMPTION  OF  FIBRE,  1897 


COTTON 
TONS 

1.400.000 


1.200.000 


1.000.000 


600.000 


600.000 


400.000 


200.000 


WOOL 


FLAX,  JUTE,   ETC. 


TONS 
1.400.000 


1.200.000 


1.000.000 


800.000 


60  0.000 


400.000 


200.000 


I 1 


U.  I.       6r.  Brit     France     germany     Russia       India       Austria 


THE  WORLD'S  CONSUMPTION  OF  FIBRE  IN   1840  AND  1897 


COTTON 


WOOL 


FLAX,  ETC. 


(840 


1840 


1897 


1897 


TEXTILE  MANUFACTURES,  VALUE  (1896) 


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